Using YubiKey with GPG

Using Yubikey with GPG encryption

Let me try to show my experience in using Yubikey as a Smartcard for storing signing and GPG encryption keys. There are a lot of information in the internet about that, but that my first try in configuring yubikey for such purposes.

Firstly we need to install necessary packages on our mac by doing the following command, I’m using brew:

$ brew install gnupg yubikey-personalization

This will allow us to program our Yubikey.

The next step is we need to create a new keys for further usage.

Generate a key

Let’s do a temporary directory:

export GNUPGHOME=$(mktemp -d)

And create a GPG configuration:

$ cat << EOF > $GNUPGHOME/gpg.conf
use-agent
personal-cipher-preferences AES256 AES192 AES CAST5
personal-digest-preferences SHA512 SHA384 SHA256 SHA224
default-preference-list SHA512 SHA384 SHA256 SHA224 AES256 AES192 AES CAST5 ZLIB BZIP2 ZIP Uncompressed
cert-digest-algo SHA512
s2k-digest-algo SHA512
s2k-cipher-algo AES256
charset utf-8
fixed-list-mode
no-comments
no-emit-version
keyid-format 0xlong
list-options show-uid-validity
verify-options show-uid-validity
with-fingerprint
EOF

Generate a master key

During creation a new master key, we will need to choose RSA (sign only) key and I would go with 4096 bits. And you’ll be asked to enter a passphrase, try to enter something unique and strong 🙂

VKAFEDZH-M-2R3C:~ val$ gpg --full-generate-key
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.4; Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

gpg: keybox '/var/folders/yy/bp5hkvxs1px1_f1q_10kzgk40000gn/T/tmp.SRHTb4gb/pubring.kbx' created
Please select what kind of key you want:
   (1) RSA and RSA (default)
   (2) DSA and Elgamal
   (3) DSA (sign only)
   (4) RSA (sign only)
Your selection? 4
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048) 4096
Requested keysize is 4096 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
         0 = key does not expire
      <n>  = key expires in n days
      <n>w = key expires in n weeks
      <n>m = key expires in n months
      <n>y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0) 0
Key does not expire at all
Is this correct? (y/N) y

GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.

Real name: Valerii
Email address: [email protected]
Comment:
You selected this USER-ID:
    "Valerii <[email protected]>"

Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? o
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
public and secret key created and signed.

Note that this key cannot be used for encryption.  You may want to use
the command "--edit-key" to generate a subkey for this purpose.
pub   rsa4096/0xA2B71234247579BE 2018-01-28 [SC]
      Key fingerprint = 1A28 A73B A841 4311 FA0A BA28 A4A7 1383 1171 7A99
uid                              Valerii <[email protected]>

Export a new key

export KEYID=0xA2B71234247579BE

Create subkeys

VKAFEDZH-M-2R3C:~ val$ gpg --expert --edit-key $KEYID
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.4; Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Secret key is available.

gpg: checking the trustdb
gpg: marginals needed: 3  completes needed: 1  trust model: pgp
gpg: depth: 0  valid:   1  signed:   0  trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
sec  rsa4096/0xA2B71234247579BE
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: never       usage: SC
     trust: ultimate      validity: ultimate
[ultimate] (1). Valerii <[email protected]>

During a creating a new subkeys enter the passphrase you entered during making a master key. In the following example I selected to generate a key with expiration in 1 year.

gpg> addkey
Please select what kind of key you want:
   (3) DSA (sign only)
   (4) RSA (sign only)
   (5) Elgamal (encrypt only)
   (6) RSA (encrypt only)
   (7) DSA (set your own capabilities)
   (8) RSA (set your own capabilities)
  (10) ECC (sign only)
  (11) ECC (set your own capabilities)
  (12) ECC (encrypt only)
  (13) Existing key
Your selection? 4
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048) 4096
Requested keysize is 4096 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
         0 = key does not expire
      <n>  = key expires in n days
      <n>w = key expires in n weeks
      <n>m = key expires in n months
      <n>y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0) 1y
Key expires at Mon Jan 28 14:13:38 2019 EST
Is this correct? (y/N) y
Really create? (y/N) y
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.

sec  rsa4096/0xA1289348BA3879AE
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: never       usage: SC
     trust: ultimate      validity: ultimate
ssb  rsa4096/0xA1CDBEFBA21203A4
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: S
[ultimate] (1). Valerii <[email protected]>

Next, let’s create n encryption key by selecting RSA (encrypt only) – number 6

gpg> addkey
Please select what kind of key you want:
   (3) DSA (sign only)
   (4) RSA (sign only)
   (5) Elgamal (encrypt only)
   (6) RSA (encrypt only)
   (7) DSA (set your own capabilities)
   (8) RSA (set your own capabilities)
  (10) ECC (sign only)
  (11) ECC (set your own capabilities)
  (12) ECC (encrypt only)
  (13) Existing key
Your selection? 6
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048) 4096
Requested keysize is 4096 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
         0 = key does not expire
      <n>  = key expires in n days
      <n>w = key expires in n weeks
      <n>m = key expires in n months
      <n>y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0) 1y
Key expires at Mon Jan 28 14:16:29 2019 EST
Is this correct? (y/N) y
Really create? (y/N) y
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.

sec  rsa4096/0xA1289348BA3879AE
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: never       usage: SC
     trust: ultimate      validity: ultimate
ssb  rsa4096/0xA1CDBEFBA21203A4
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: S
ssb  rsa4096/0x181FFBA2120AA342
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: E
[ultimate] (1). Valerii <[email protected]>

I selected to create 4096 bit RSA encrypt only key which is going to be valid for 365 days only.

And let’s create an authentification key now.

read more…

gpg> addkey
Please select what kind of key you want:
   (3) DSA (sign only)
   (4) RSA (sign only)
   (5) Elgamal (encrypt only)
   (6) RSA (encrypt only)
   (7) DSA (set your own capabilities)
   (8) RSA (set your own capabilities)
  (10) ECC (sign only)
  (11) ECC (set your own capabilities)
  (12) ECC (encrypt only)
  (13) Existing key
Your selection? 8

Possible actions for a RSA key: Sign Encrypt Authenticate
Current allowed actions: Sign Encrypt

   (S) Toggle the sign capability
   (E) Toggle the encrypt capability
   (A) Toggle the authenticate capability
   (Q) Finished

Your selection? S

Possible actions for a RSA key: Sign Encrypt Authenticate
Current allowed actions: Encrypt

   (S) Toggle the sign capability
   (E) Toggle the encrypt capability
   (A) Toggle the authenticate capability
   (Q) Finished

Your selection? E

Possible actions for a RSA key: Sign Encrypt Authenticate
Current allowed actions:

   (S) Toggle the sign capability
   (E) Toggle the encrypt capability
   (A) Toggle the authenticate capability
   (Q) Finished

Your selection? A

Possible actions for a RSA key: Sign Encrypt Authenticate
Current allowed actions: Authenticate

   (S) Toggle the sign capability
   (E) Toggle the encrypt capability
   (A) Toggle the authenticate capability
   (Q) Finished

Your selection? Q
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048) 4096
Requested keysize is 4096 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
         0 = key does not expire
      <n>  = key expires in n days
      <n>w = key expires in n weeks
      <n>m = key expires in n months
      <n>y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0) 1y
Key expires at Mon Jan 28 14:20:11 2019 EST
Is this correct? (y/N) y
Really create? (y/N) y
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.

Don’t forget to save it

gpg> save

Export and backup our keys

$ gpg --armor --export-secret-keys $KEYID > $GNUPGHOME/master.key
$ gpg --armor --export-secret-subkeys $KEYID > $GNUPGHOME/sub.key

That will require to enter your passphrase for master key again.

Configure Yubikey

VKAFEDZH-M-2R3C:~ val$ gpg --card-edit

Reader ...........: Yubico Yubikey 4 OTP U2F CCID
Application ID ...: F1760095270102331226071222510019
Version ..........: 2.1
Manufacturer .....: Yubico
Serial number ....: 12720751
Name of cardholder: [not set]
Language prefs ...: [not set]
Sex ..............: unspecified
URL of public key : [not set]
Login data .......: [not set]
Signature PIN ....: not forced
Key attributes ...: rsa2048 rsa2048 rsa2048
Max. PIN lengths .: 127 127 127
PIN retry counter : 3 0 3
Signature counter : 0
Signature key ....: [none]
Encryption key....: [none]
Authentication key: [none]
General key info..: [none]

gpg/card> admin
Admin commands are allowed

gpg/card> passwd
1 - change PIN
2 - unblock PIN
3 - change Admin PIN
4 - set the Reset Code
Q - quit

Your selection? 3
PIN changed.

1 - change PIN
2 - unblock PIN
3 - change Admin PIN
4 - set the Reset Code
Q - quit

Your selection? 1
PIN changed.

1 - change PIN
2 - unblock PIN
3 - change Admin PIN
4 - set the Reset Code
Q - quit

Your selection? q

gpg/card> quit

Let’s transfer keys from our mac to yubikey

Move keys to yubikey

VKAFEDZH-M-2R3C:~ val$ gpg --edit-key $KEYID
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.4; Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Secret key is available.

sec  rsa4096/0xA1289348BA3879AE
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: never       usage: SC
     trust: ultimate      validity: ultimate
ssb  rsa4096/0xA1CDBEFBA21203A4
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: S
ssb  rsa4096/0x181FFBA2120AA342
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: E
ssb  rsa4096/0x181FFBA2120AA342
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: A
[ultimate] (1). Valerii <[email protected]>

gpg> key 1

sec  rsa4096/0xA1289348BA3879AE
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: never       usage: SC
     trust: ultimate      validity: ultimate
ssb* rsa4096/0xA1CDBEFBA21203A4
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: S
ssb  rsa4096/0x181FAAA2120AA342
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: E
ssb  rsa4096/0x181FFBA2120AA342
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: A
[ultimate] (1). Valerii <[email protected]>

gpg> keytocard
Please select where to store the key:
   (1) Signature key
   (3) Authentication key
Your selection? 1

sec  rsa4096/0xA1289348BA3879AE
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: never       usage: SC
     trust: ultimate      validity: ultimate
ssb* rsa4096/0xA1CDBEFBA21203A4
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: S
ssb  rsa4096/0x181FAAA2120AA342
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: E
ssb  rsa4096/0x181FFBA2120AA342
     created: 2018-01-28  expires: 2019-01-28  usage: A
[ultimate] (1). Valerii <[email protected]>

Now for each key do *keytocard* command, before proceeding with a new key, you will need to deselect previous key by entering the same command, eg. key 1 again will deselect the key 1, then entry key 2 to select it.

Verify

VKAFEDZH-M-2R3C:~ val$ gpg --list-secret-keys
/var/folders/yy/0gn/T/tmp.Tb4gb/pubring.kbx
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
sec   rsa4096/0xA1289348BA3879AE 2018-01-28 [SC]
      Key fingerprint =1A28 A73B A841 4311 FA0A BA28 A4A7 1383 1171 7A99
uid                   [ultimate] Valerii <[email protected]>
ssb>  rsa4096/0xA1289348BA3879AE 2018-01-28 [S] [expires: 2019-01-28]
ssb>  rsa4096/0xA1CDBEFBA21203A4 2018-01-28 [E] [expires: 2019-01-28]
ssb>  rsa4096/0x181FFBA2120AA342 2018-01-28 [A] [expires: 2019-01-28]

Export public key

$ gpg --armor --export $KEYID > ~/pubkey.txt

You may want to upload your public key to public keyserver:

$ gpg --send-key $KEYID
gpg: sending key0xA2B71234247579BE to hkps://hkps.pool.sks-keyservers.net

In next posts I’ll try to use those keys for encryption/decryption and signing.

 

 

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